HTTP请求 | ZRH博客

Java jar包

Java

发布日期: 2022-01-03

概述

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子项目
用来提供HTTP协议的客户端编程工具包
支持HTTP协议最新的版本和建议

下载

下载地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgi

特性

基于标准、纯净的java语言。实现了Http1.0和Http1.1
以可扩展的面向对象的结构实现了Http全部的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）
支持HTTPS协议
通过Http代理建立透明的连接
利用CONNECT方法通过Http代理建立隧道的https连接
Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos认证方案
插件式的自定义认证方案
便携可靠的套接字工厂使它更容易的使用第三方解决方案
连接管理器支持多线程应用。支持设置最大连接数，同时支持设置每个主机的最大连接数，发现并关闭过期的连接
自动处理Set-Cookie中的Cookie
插件式的自定义Cookie策略
Request的输入流可以避免流中内容直接缓冲到socket服务器
Response的输出流可以有效的从socket服务器直接读取相应内容
在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久连接
直接获取服务器发送的response code和 headers
设置连接超时的能力
实验性的支持http1.1 response caching
源代码基于Apache License 可免费获取

使用方法

创建HttpClient对象
创建请求方法的实例，并指定请求URL。如果需要发送GET请求，创建HttpGet对象；如果需要发送POST请求，创建HttpPost对象
如果需要发送请求参数，可调用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法来添加请求参数；对于HttpPost对象而言，也可调用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法来设置请求参数。
调用HttpClient对象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)发送请求，该方法返回一个HttpResponse。
调用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可获取服务器的响应头；调用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可获取HttpEntity对象，该对象包装了服务器的响应内容。程序可通过该对象获取服务器的响应内容。
释放连接。无论执行方法是否成功，都必须释放连接

四、实例
package com.test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HttpClientTest {

@Test  
public void jUnitTest() {  
    get();  
}  

/** 
 * HttpClient连接SSL 
 */  
public void ssl() {  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;  
    try {  
        KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());  
        FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore"));  
        try {  
            // 加载keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore    
            trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray());  
        } catch (CertificateException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        } finally {  
            try {  
                instream.close();  
            } catch (Exception ignore) {  
            }  
        }  
        // 相信自己的CA和所有自签名的证书  
        SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build();  
        // 只允许使用TLSv1协议  
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null,  
                SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER);  
        httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();  
        // 创建http请求(get方式)  
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
        System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine());  
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
        try {  
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
            if (entity != null) {  
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
                EntityUtils.consume(entity);  
            }  
        } finally {  
            response.close();  
        }  
    } catch (ParseException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (KeyManagementException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally {  
        if (httpclient != null) {  
            try {  
                httpclient.close();  
            } catch (IOException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  

/** 
 * post方式提交表单（模拟用户登录请求） 
 */  
public void postForm() {  
    // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
    // 创建httppost    
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
    // 创建参数队列    
    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin"));  
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456"));  
    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
    try {  
        uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
        httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
        System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
        try {  
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
            if (entity != null) {  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
            }  
        } finally {  
            response.close();  
        }  
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
        e1.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally {  
        // 关闭连接,释放资源    
        try {  
            httpclient.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  

/** 
 * 发送 post请求访问本地应用并根据传递参数不同返回不同结果 
 */  
public void post() {  
    // 创建默认的httpClient实例.    
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
    // 创建httppost    
    HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action");  
    // 创建参数队列    
    List<namevaluepair> formparams = new ArrayList<namevaluepair>();  
    formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house"));  
    UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity;  
    try {  
        uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8");  
        httppost.setEntity(uefEntity);  
        System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI());  
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
        try {  
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
            if (entity != null) {  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
                System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"));  
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
            }  
        } finally {  
            response.close();  
        }  
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {  
        e1.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally {  
        // 关闭连接,释放资源    
        try {  
            httpclient.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  

/** 
 * 发送 get请求 
 */  
public void get() {  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
    try {  
        // 创建httpget.    
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/");  
        System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI());  
        // 执行get请求.    
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget);  
        try {  
            // 获取响应实体    
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
            System.out.println("--------------------------------------");  
            // 打印响应状态    
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
            if (entity != null) {  
                // 打印响应内容长度    
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength());  
                // 打印响应内容    
                System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity));  
            }  
            System.out.println("------------------------------------");  
        } finally {  
            response.close();  
        }  
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (ParseException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally {  
        // 关闭连接,释放资源    
        try {  
            httpclient.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}  

/** 
 * 上传文件 
 */  
public void upload() {  
    CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();  
    try {  
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action");  

        FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg"));  
        StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN);  

        HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build();  

        httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);  

        System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine());  
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost);  
        try {  
            System.out.println("----------------------------------------");  
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());  
            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();  
            if (resEntity != null) {  
                System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength());  
            }  
            EntityUtils.consume(resEntity);  
        } finally {  
            response.close();  
        }  
    } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } catch (IOException e) {  
        e.printStackTrace();  
    } finally {  
        try {  
            httpclient.close();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
}

}

zrh

https://zrh-main.github.io/2022/01/03/Java/Java%20%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8jar%E5%8C%85/Java%20HTTP%E8%AF%B7%E6%B1%82/

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